Zirconium oxide nanoparticles (nanoparticle systems) are increasingly investigated for their remarkable biomedical applications. This is due to their unique structural properties, including high surface area. Experts employ various techniques for the synthesis of these nanoparticles, such as hydrothermal synthesis. Characterization tools, including

Nanomaterials have emerged as outstanding platforms for a wide range of applications, owing to their unique attributes. In particular, graphene, with its exceptional electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, has garnered significant attention in the field of material science. However, the full potential of graphene can be greatly enhanced by